TOEFL iBTリーディングテーブル問題を無料教材で練習

こんにちは、SOLO IELTS TOEFLルークです。

TOEFLリーディングの「テーブル問題」を無料教材を使用して練習していきましょう

テーブル問題

TOEFL iBTのリーディングのテーブル問題は要約問題と同様に多肢選択になっています。

パッセージの内容に即した選択肢をテーブルに当てはめる形式問題です。要約問題との最も違いは詳細を問われるということです。

全ての選択肢がテーブルに当てはまるわけではありません。このタイプが難しい理由です

回答のコツ

TOEFL iBTリーディングのテーブル問題を解くにあたって以下のコツを覚えておくと便利です。

コツ1. 該当箇所を見つける

おおよその場合においてテーブルのコラムが違う見出しにて用意されています。

まずはそれぞれのコラムが何を指しているのかを完璧に把握する必要があります。問を理解することと同義であります。

次に選択肢をスキミングしてパッセージの該当箇所を探します。パッセージ内で該当箇所が見つかった時点で、テーブルに当てはめていきます。

まとめてテーブルに当てはめようとすると混乱します。微調整は後から行いましょう。

コツ2. 消去法

このタイプは最後の問として出題されます。故にパッセージに関してはある程度理解をした状態で解くはずです。

一方でおそらく時間制限との戦いで涙する箇所でもあります。

定かでない選択肢で悩むのではなく、とにかく自信がある選択肢をテーブルに当てはめていくことに時間をさくべきです。

無料教材で練習

それでは上記のコツを使用して「テーブル問題」の長文を無料教材で練習してみましょう。

Q. [1] A tree is a perennial plant that consists of a long stem, trunk, branches and in most species, leaves. They have evolved their structure to compete for sunlight with other plants. Trees usually live for a long time, up to thousands of years old and they have existed on the planet for 370 million years. A tree has woody tissue and is surrounded by bark that protects the plant. The root of a tree anchors it in place and the branches carry leaves that capture light and process it into sugar by photosynthesis.

[2] The function of trees in our environment is invaluable. They release oxygen into our atmosphere and remove carbon dioxide, storing carbon in their own tissues. Trees prevent soil erosion by soaking up water in areas with high rainfall. In tropical rainforests and various other regions of the world, trees provide a habitat for a vast number of animal and plant species. Other functions of trees are in the provision of wood for fuel, cooking, heating, construction, paper production and fruit.

[3] The leaves of trees are formed for photosynthesis. The broad sizes and shapes of deciduous trees attract the light to be converted to energy. Coniferous trees sometime have needles which are adapted to environments with less water, such as frozen regions with a higher latitude and altitude. The thin shape of the needles and position of evergreen branches allow the leaves to shed snow. Broad-leaved trees in temperate zones of the world shed their leaves as days get shorter in the autumn and winter seasons. This is because the leaves are no longer making new chlorophyll through photosynthesis due to less light. The red and yellow pigments of the leaves’ blades become visible, causing the bright orange, red and yellow-colored autumn leaves. The synthesis of auxin – a plant hormone – also stops. Once the production of auxin ceases, the cells at the junction of the twig and the petiole of the leaf weakens and the leaf breaks off and falls on the ground. In regions of the world with more sun exposure, trees may not shed their leaves.

[4] There are several other reasons that trees shed leaves and twigs. During a drought season, trees often shed about ten percent of their leaves, thus losing less water. Another reason for leaf-fall is when vigorous trees shed excessive leaves to adjust to the summer heat. Moreover, leaves near the base of the tree are more likely to drop off due to lack of sunlight. Another cause is insect-tunnelling of leaf stalks, leaving short, fragile petioles which leads to more leaf-fall. Disease, such as Dutch elm disease or root rot, or injuries to the tree, is another source of leaf-fall. Fungus, such as leaf-spot disease, also causes increased shedding of leaves. Fungi such as anthracene and apple scab defoliate crab apple trees, sycamore, ash, white oak and maple.

[5] Squirrel activity or twig- girdling insects can also cause clusters of fallen leaves that are attached to short twigs. There are specific tree species, such as poplars, that shed twigs during moisture stress period. The end of the twig will be like a smooth curve. The metallic wood boring beetle prefers red oak and other oak trees. They lay eggs onto twigs. Once hatched, the larvae bore into twigs in a spiral fashion until there are clusters of dead leaves. The longhorn beetle is gray-brown in color. The adult beetles appear at the end of the summer. The female beetle chews the twig, girdling it and laying eggs on it. The twig then withers and dies. The new larvae thrive in the dead twig. The behaviour of these two insects could be another explanation of excessive twig fall.

問: Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the Radiocarbon Dating and Faunal Analysis to which they relate. Some of the answer choices will NOT be used.

a. Needles and shaped upward to prevent leaf-fall.
b. Needles are shaped specifically to allow the shed of snow.
c. Broad leaves help to causes a faster rate of photosynthesis.
d. Leaves become orange and red due to the increase of the hormone auxin.
e. Adapted to regions with higher altitudes due to the then shape of the needles.
f. Autumn-colored trees are caused by the increase in yellow, red and orange pigments as chlorophyll drops.
g. Leaves are shed in autumn and winter seasons due to less lights.

Coniferous treesDeciduous trees





教材解説

それでは上記の無料教材問題をコツに沿って1つずつ解説していきましょう。まず答えから確認しましょう。

Coniferous trees: b, e
Deciduous trees: c,f,g

パッセージ内の該当箇所を一つずつ確認していきましょう。

bは、パラグラフ3の5,6行目 “The thin shape of the needles and position of evergreen branches allow the leaves to shed snow”に該当します。

eは、パラグラフ3の3行目”Coniferous trees sometimes have needles which are adapted to environments with less water, such as frozen regions with a higher latitude and altitude.”に記述があります。

cとgは、パラグラフ3の6-8行目にて、” Broad-leaved trees in temperate zones of the world shed their leaves as days get shorter in the autumn and winter seasons. This is because the leaves are no longer making new chlorophyll through photosynthesis due to less light. “と記述されています。

fは、パラグラフ3行目8-10行目に” The red and yellow pigments of the leaves’ blades become visible, causing the bright orange, red and yellow-colored autumn leaves. “が該当します。

テーブル問題は必ずパッセージ内に記述があるので感で回答してはいけません

まとめ

TOEFL iBTリーディングの「テーブル問題」の無料教材を解く中で解説していきました。

テーブル問題は詳細を問う形式ですので、スキミングを通してパッセージ内の該当箇所を特定してから当てはめていくようにしましょう。

TOEFL対策で悩んでいる方は、気軽に相談してください!

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